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Bacteriophage

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Bacteriophages are the collective term for viruses that infect microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, actinomycetes, or spirochetes. They are called bacteriophages because they can partially cause the lysis of host bacteria.

Astaxanthin from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous yeast

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Bacteriophage (phage) is a general term for viruses infected with bacteria, fungi, algae, actinomycetes or spirochetes and other microorganisms, because some of them can cause the lysis of host bacteria, so it is called bacteriophage.

bacteriophages have some characteristics of viruses: individuals are tiny; Does not have a complete cellular structure; Contains only a single nucleic acid. The phage genome contains many genes, but all known bacteriophages are bacterial cells that use the bacterial ribosome, various factors required for protein synthesis, various amino acids, and energy production systems to achieve their own growth and proliferation.

bacteriophages are widely distributed, and wherever there are bacteria, there may be corresponding phages. In human and animal excreta or polluted well water and river water, bacteriophages often contain intestinal bacteria. In soil, bacteriophages of soil bacteria can be found. Bacteriophages have strict host specificity and only live in susceptible host bacteria, so bacteriophages can be used for epidemiological identification and classification of bacteria to trace the source of infection. Due to the simple structure of bacteriophages and the small number of genes, it is a good experimental system for molecular biology and genetic engineering.

Structure of bacteriophages